水利部：强化人为水土流失监管 严格查处和打击违法行为******
光明网讯（记者袁晴）国务院新闻办公室1月12日举行新闻发布会，邀请水利部、国家发展改革委有关负责人介绍加强新时代水土保持工作有关情况。
水利部水土保持司司长蒲朝勇（徐想 摄）
党的二十大报告指出，要加快发展方式绿色转型，《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》提出要坚持生态优先、保护为要，依法严格人为水土流失监管。水土流失与人的行为之间是怎样的关系？如何强化人为水土流失监管？
对此，水利部水土保持司司长蒲朝勇介绍，水土保持状况是反映生态环境质量的一个重要综合性指标。水土保持工作的主要任务，归根到底是防止水土流失，而水土流失的形成和加剧与人的行为与活动密切相关，人类不合理的生产和生活方式，会造成或者加剧水土流失。所以，不解决人为水土流失“增”的问题，就没法实现“减”的目标，也就没法实现水土保持率提高的目标，良好的生态环境就成为一句空话。
蒲朝勇指出，人为水土流失监管是水土保持法赋予水行政主管部门的一项重要法定职责，更是贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想的重要政治任务。他介绍，党的十八大以来，水利部把人为水土流失监管作为工作的重中之重，依法督促指导50万个生产建设项目落实水土保持措施。持续实施水土保持遥感监管，通过“天上看、地面查、全覆盖”，及时发现并依法查处违法违规行为，人为水土流失应该说得到了有效遏制。
《关于加强新时代水土保持工作的意见》对依法严格人为水土流失监管提出了新的更高要求。蒲朝勇说：“下一步，我们将进一步健全监管制度，创新监管方式，落实监管责任，以高水平高效能的监管，为推动形成绿色生产生活方式和经济社会发展全面绿色转型提供支撑。”
一是构建水土保持全链条全过程监管体系。依法落实生产建设项目水土保持方案制度，强化事前事中事后全过程监管。完善生产建设活动水土流失防治标准，针对不同区域、不同行业特点，明确差异化、针对性要求，实施分类精准监管。
二是建立精准高效的监管机制。以遥感监管为基本手段、重点监管为补充、信用监管为基础的新型监管机制。全覆盖、常态化开展水土保持遥感监管，依法严格查处违法违规行为。全面实施水土保持信用评价，对守信企业少打扰、不打扰，对失信企业及高风险项目重点监管。加强人为水土流失风险的跟踪预警，提高监管精准化、智能化水平。
三是强化部门间协同监管和执法联动。建立水土保持行政执法和刑事司法衔接、与检查公益诉讼协作的机制，充分发挥司法保障监督作用。通过加强协同监管，压实企业水土保持责任。
四是深化“放管服”改革。持续推进水土保持审批服务标准化、规范化、便利化，提供优质高效便捷的便民利企服务，进一步优化营商环境。
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
